spurious relationship การใช้
- An example of a spurious relationship can be seen by examining a city's ice cream sales.
- To allege that ice cream sales cause drowning, or vice versa, would be to imply a spurious relationship between the two.
- Like other forms of statistical analysis, badly specified econometric models may show a spurious relationship where two variables are correlated but causally unrelated.
- The term " spurious relationship " is commonly used in statistics and in particular in causal relationships unless spurious relationships can be ruled out.
- The term " spurious relationship " is commonly used in statistics and in particular in causal relationships unless spurious relationships can be ruled out.
- This principle follows from the fact that it is always possible a spurious relationship exists for variables between which covariance is found in some degree.
- Believers are further bolstered in their belief through communal reinforcement : The more people talk about the effect, the more people notice spurious relationships.
- When the children's genotype also influences their behavioral or cognitive outcomes, the result can be a spurious relationship between environment and outcome.
- In experiments, spurious relationships can often be identified by controlling for other factors, including those that have been theoretically identified as possible confounding factors.
- Radon concentration is high in poorly ventilated homes and buildings and such buildings tend to have poor air quality, larger concentrations of dust etc . BEIR VI did not consider that other carcinogens such as dust might be the cause of some or all of the lung cancers, thus omitting a possible spurious relationship.
- A well-known case of a spurious relationship can be found in the time-series literature, where a "'spurious regression "'is a regression that provides misleading statistical evidence of a real variable times the price level, and the common presence of the price level in the two data series imparts correlation to them . ( See also Spurious correlation of ratios .)
- In statistics, a "'spurious relationship "'or "'spurious correlation "'is a mathematical relationship in which two or more events or variables are not causally related to each other ( i . e . they are independent ), yet it may be wrongly inferred that they are, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor ( referred to as a " common response variable ", " confounding factor ", or " lurking variable " ).